Bacteria Innovation: Genetic Pathways for Colorful Nanostructures - Technology

Genetic Pathways for Bacteria to Create Colorful Nanostructures

From the shimmering hues of skinks to the dazzling metallic colors of hummingbirds , many creatures boast vibrant colors produced by nano - structures manipulating light wavelengths . Researchers , led by bioinformatician Aldert Zomer from Utrecht University , have identified specific genes that enable bacteria to also harness this vivid phenomenon.

Structural colors , unlike pigments , are produced by the interference of light as it is reflected , resulting in a unique display of colors depending on the surface 's small - scale structures . Bacterial colonies , such as Marinobacter alginolytica , can serve as living nanostructures that coordinate to reflect specific wavelengths , creating stunning color patterns.

 The researchers compared the genomes of 87 bacteria strains capable of forming structurally colored colonies with 30 colorless strains to uncover the genetic basis of this process.

By utilizing AI models , the team delved into thousands of bacterial genomes and environmental samples to identify additional bacteria with structural coloration , even in light - deprived environments.

Unexpected Discoveries in Bacterial Structural Coloration

Surprisingly , the study revealed that genes responsible for structural color are predominantly present in diverse habitats like oceans , freshwater bodies , intertidal zones , and deep - sea regions . However , microbes inhabiting host - associated environments , like the human microbiome , exhibited limited structural coloration , highlighting the diverse distribution of this phenomenon.

Structural color in bacteria residing in the depths of the ocean suggests that these nanostructures may serve purposes beyond mere visual appeal . They could potentially function as defensive mechanisms against viruses or aid in capturing food particles in the environment , offering a new perspective on the adaptive nature of bacterial colonies.

Potential Applications and Future Implications

The understanding of how bacteria create structural colors opens up possibilities for developing environmentally friendly materials with long - lasting colors and other desirable properties . For instance , the insights gained from this research could lead to the creation of lightweight paints suitable for aircraft , inspired by nature 's intricate color - producing mechanisms.

By deciphering the molecular pathways involved in bacterial structural coloration , researchers are paving the way for innovative solutions in material science and design . The implications of this study , published in PNAS , extend beyond the realm of biology , offering a glimpse into the potential applications of nature - inspired technologies in various industries.