Time: 2024-07-05
Scientists have discovered that Pseudomonas aeruginosa , an environmental bacteria responsible for over 500,000 deaths per year worldwide , has evolved rapidly over the last 200 years . This evolution has been linked to changes in human behavior , leading to the spread of multidrug - resistant infections , particularly in individuals with underlying lung conditions such as COPD , cystic fibrosis , and non - CF bronchiectasis.
By examining DNA data from nearly 10,000 samples taken from infected individuals , animals , and environments globally , researchers at the University of Cambridge have found that almost seven in ten infections are caused by just 21 genetic clones of P. aeruginosa . These clones have rapidly evolved and spread worldwide by acquiring new genes from neighboring bacteria . The spread of these epidemic clones is believed to have been facilitated by densely - populated areas with high air pollution , making individuals more susceptible to infection and providing more opportunities for infections to spread.
The study revealed that epidemic clones of P. aeruginosa have an intrinsic preference for infecting specific types of patients , with some favoring individuals with cystic fibrosis and others targeting non - CF patients . These bacteria can exploit immune defects in patients with CF , allowing them to survive within macrophages and evolve to become specialized for the lung environment . Interestingly , certain clones can be transmitted within CF patients and others within non - CF patients , but rarely between the two groups.
Professor Andres Floto , Director of the UK Cystic Fibrosis Innovation Hub at the University of Cambridge , highlighted the importance of this research in understanding the biology of cystic fibrosis and improving immunity against invading bacteria . Dr. Aaron Weimann , the first author on the study , emphasized the need for systematic screening of at - risk patient groups to detect and prevent the emergence of more epidemic clones.
The findings of this study have significant implications for infection control in hospitals , where P. aeruginosa infections can spread easily between patients with different underlying conditions . The researchers stressed the importance of proactive screening and preventive measures to limit the spread of multidrug - resistant infections . Hospitals like the Royal Papworth Hospital have implemented new air - handling systems to reduce airborne bacteria and protect vulnerable patients from infections.
In conclusion , the evolution and host - specific adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pose a significant threat to individuals with underlying lung conditions . Understanding the spread and specialization of these bacteria is crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and control infections in healthcare settings and protect vulnerable patient populations.
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