The Stomp Rocket Mechanism in 2018 Kīlauea Eruptions: Prediction and Analysis

Explosive 2018 eruptions at Klauea driven by a collapse-induced stomp-rocket mechanism

2018 witnessed a series of explosive eruptions at Klauea, Hawaii, attributed to a stomp rocket mechanism induced by collapses. Analysis of volcanic plume modeling and seismicity sequences revealed the dynamics behind the caldera collapse and magma reservoir failure. The eruption's onset was marked by significant ground tilt and high-rate GNSS data, indicating incremental caldera collapse. Insights from seismic and infrasound observations provided valuable constraints on the eruptive process, shedding light on the complexities of volcanic behavior.

The volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure changes, underscoring the importance of source parameters in ash-cloud transport models. Studies on magma composition, degassing behavior, and the role of volatiles during the eruption highlighted the melt concentrations and magma recycling processes. The petrologic and geodetic analyses uncovered patterns of magma oscillations and deformation due to shear and tensile faults, enhancing our understanding of volcanic deformation mechanisms.